Evidence has shown that …
证据表明……
By the end of the session, you will be able to…
在本节课结束时，你将能够……
… support an argument with concrete evidence.
……用具体证据支持论点。
… talk about professional development programs.
……谈论职业发展项目。
Hypothesis vs. the evidence
假说与证据
evidence – proof – scrutiny – hypothesis – (im)plausible – compelling
– to support (an idea) – questionable – credibility – test subjects –
guinea pigs
证据 – 证明 – 审查 – 假说 – （不）合理的 – 令人信服的 – 支持（一个观点）
– 可疑的 – 可信度 – 实验对象 – 小白鼠（试验品）
Discuss the questions. Use the key language.
讨论以下问题。使用核心词汇。
Give a basic description of what happens in a research
study.
简要描述研究过程中会发生什么。
In a research study, researchers first form a hypothesis about a phenomenon they want to investigate. Then they design experiments with test subjects to gather evidence. The data collected undergoes scrutiny to determine whether the hypothesis is plausible or implausible. Finally, they publish their findings, which may provide compelling support for their hypothesis or raise questionable results that need further investigation.
在一项研究中，研究者首先对想要调查的现象提出假说。然后他们设计实验，选取实验对象来收集证据。收集到的数据需要经过审查，以确定假说是否合理。最后，他们发表研究发现，这些发现可能为假说提供令人信服的支持，也可能提出需要进一步调查的可疑结果。
How would you describe the ideal results of a research
study?
你如何描述一项研究的理想结果？
The ideal results of a research study would provide compelling evidence that supports the hypothesis. The proof would withstand scrutiny from other researchers, the findings would be plausible and reproducible, and the study’s credibility would be well-established.
一项研究的理想结果是提供令人信服的证据来支持假说。证据能够经受其他研究者的审查，研究发现合理且可重复，研究的可信度良好确立。
How could you describe less than ideal results of a research
study?
你如何描述一项研究的不理想结果？
Less than ideal results might include questionable evidence that doesn’t convincingly support the hypothesis. The findings might seem implausible, lack credibility, or fail to withstand scrutiny. Sometimes the test subjects are too few, or the guinea pigs used in the study don’t represent the broader population well.
不理想的结果可能包括可疑的证据，无法令人信服地支持假说。研究发现可能看起来不合理、缺乏可信度，或者经不起审查。有时实验对象太少，或者研究中使用的试验品不能很好地代表更广泛的群体。
‘Do’ and ‘did’ for emphasis
用 “do” 和 “did” 表示强调
How would you explain the difference in meaning between these
two sentences?
你如何解释这两个句子在含义上的区别？
I read the article yesterday.
我昨天读了那篇文章。
I did read the article yesterday.
我昨天确实读了那篇文章。
The difference is that sentence (b) uses “did” for emphasis. Sentence (a) is a simple statement of fact, while sentence (b) emphasizes that the action really happened — typically used when someone doubts whether you did it, or to contrast with a previous statement.
区别在于句子(b)用”did”来强调。句子(a)只是简单陈述事实，而句子(b)强调这个动作确实发生了——通常用于别人怀疑你是否做了某事，或者与之前的陈述形成对比。
Which sentence would you use if a person doesn’t believe
you?
如果一个人不相信你，你会用哪个句子？
We have training courses available.
我们有培训课程。
But we do have training courses available.
但我们确实有培训课程。
You would use sentence (b) “But we do have training courses available.” The word “do” adds emphasis and insistence, which is appropriate when trying to convince someone who is skeptical.
你会使用句子(b)“But we do have training courses available。”“do”增加了强调和坚持的语气，适合用于试图说服持怀疑态度的人。
Complete the dialog using the options below.
用以下选项完成对话。
don’t want – want – do want
不想要 – 想要 – 确实想要
A: I want everyone to get more credentials.
A: 我想要每个人都获得更多资质证书。
B: Really? It seems to me that you don’t want anyone
to take courses, even if it means getting credentials.
B:
真的吗？在我看来，你不想让任何人去上课，即使这意味着能获得资质证书。
A: But I do want them to get the credentials, no
matter what!
A: 但我确实想要他们获得资质证书，无论如何！
解析：A 首先表达意愿（want），B 质疑 A 的做法表明 A 似乎不想（don’t want）让人去上课，A 最后用 “do want” 强调自己确实想要他们获得证书。“do” 在这里用于强调，反驳 B 的质疑。
They did provide compelling evidence
他们确实提供了令人信服的证据
Consider the results of two research studies on the effectiveness of
professional development (PD). Using the limited data provided here and
any additional details you choose to invent, you must argue in support
of your assigned study. Use the key language to support your
argument.
请考虑以下两项关于职业发展(PD)有效性的研究结果。利用这里提供的有限数据以及你选择补充的任何细节，你必须为你被分配的研究进行辩护。使用核心词汇来支持你的论点。
Study 1 研究一:
After one year of training courses, professionals showed meaningful
improvements in knowledge and skill, but a year later they were back to
where they started. The overall results convinced researchers that the
PD was ineffective, but they didn’t reach a consensus on if it was the
specific type of PD they used or if this would be true for any kind of
PD.
经过一年的培训课程后，专业人员在知识和技能方面表现出显著提升，但一年后他们又回到了起点。总体结果让研究人员确信该职业发展项目是无效的，但他们未能就这是他们使用的特定类型PD的问题还是所有PD都会如此达成共识。
Argument in support of Study 1:
This study does provide compelling evidence because it followed a rigorous, long-term methodology. The test subjects were monitored over two full years, which gives the findings strong credibility. The hypothesis that PD may be ineffective is plausible — the evidence clearly shows skills declined after training ended. The fact that researchers didn’t reach a consensus actually supports the study’s credibility; it shows they subjected their own conclusions to scrutiny rather than rushing to judgment. This study did prove that without ongoing reinforcement, PD gains are temporary — and that is valuable proof that should inform how we design future programs.
支持研究一的论点：
这项研究确实提供了令人信服的证据，因为它采用了严格的、长期的方法论。实验对象被监测了整整两年，这使研究发现具有很强的可信度。PD可能无效的假说是合理的——证据清楚地表明技能在培训结束后下降了。研究人员未能达成共识这一事实实际上支持了研究的可信度；它表明他们对自己的结论进行了审查，而不是草率下结论。这项研究确实证明了，如果没有持续的强化，PD的收益是暂时的——这是有价值的证明，应该为我们未来设计项目提供参考。
Study 2 研究二:
A company that gives training courses decided to test their
effectiveness on their own employees. They say that after just eight
weeks, their employees started making more sales and working better
together as a team. After this initial success the company decided their
research was complete and stopped monitoring sales and teamwork.
一家提供培训课程的公司决定对自己的员工测试其有效性。他们说仅仅八周后，员工就开始做出更多销售并且团队合作更好了。在这个初步成功之后，公司决定他们的研究已经完成并停止了对销售和团队合作的监测。
Argument in support of Study 2:
This study does provide evidence that PD can work. The proof is concrete: increased sales and improved teamwork are measurable outcomes. While critics might say the credibility is questionable because the company tested its own product, who better to be guinea pigs than the company’s own employees? They do have a vested interest in accurate results — after all, they use this training themselves. The hypothesis that short-term intensive PD is effective is plausible; eight weeks of focused training did produce compelling results. The study supports the idea that PD doesn’t need years to show impact.
支持研究二的论点：
这项研究确实提供了PD有效的证据。证明是具体的：增加的销售额和改善的团队合作是可衡量的成果。虽然批评者可能说可信度有问题因为公司测试的是自己的产品，但谁比公司自己的员工更适合当试验品呢？他们确实有获得准确结果的切身利益——毕竟他们自己也在使用这个培训。短期密集PD有效的假说是合理的；八周的集中培训确实产生了令人信服的结果。这项研究支持了PD不需要数年时间就能产生影响的观点。
evidence – proof – scrutiny – hypothesis – (im)plausible – compelling
– to support (an idea) – questionable – credibility – test subjects –
guinea pigs
证据 – 证明 – 审查 – 假说 – （不）合理的 – 令人信服的 – 支持（一个观点）
– 可疑的 – 可信度 – 实验对象 – 小白鼠（试验品）
‘do’ and ‘did’ for emphasis
用 “do” 和 “did” 表示强调
Professional development
职业发展
professional development – continuing education – credential –
collaborative – evaluative stage – consultation – coaching – mentoring –
reflective supervision – communities of practice
职业发展 – 继续教育 – 资质证书 – 协作式的 – 评估阶段 – 咨询 – 教练辅导 –
导师制 – 反思性督导 – 实践社群
Discuss the questions. Use the key language.
讨论以下问题。使用核心词汇。
What do you think is the purpose of professional
development?
你认为职业发展的目的是什么？
The purpose of professional development is to help professionals continuously improve their skills and knowledge through continuing education. It allows people to earn credentials that validate their expertise, engage in collaborative learning with peers, and stay current in their field. Professional development also helps organizations maintain high standards through evaluative stages and reflective supervision.
职业发展的目的是帮助专业人员通过继续教育不断提升技能和知识。它使人们能够获得验证其专业能力的资质证书，与同行进行协作学习，并保持在其领域的专业水平。职业发展还帮助组织通过评估阶段和反思性督导维持高标准。
What kinds of professional development do you see in the two
images?
你在两张图片中看到了哪些职业发展方式？
Based on common professional development formats, one image likely shows coaching or mentoring — a one-on-one or small-group interaction focused on personalized guidance. The other likely shows a collaborative community of practice or consultation setting, where professionals gather to share knowledge and experiences in a group format.
根据常见的职业发展形式，一张图片可能展示的是教练辅导或导师制——一对一或小组式的个性化指导互动。另一张可能展示的是协作式的实践社群或咨询环境，专业人员聚集在一起以小组形式分享知识和经验。
How would you explain the difference between the different
kinds of professional development in the two images?
你如何解释两张图片中不同职业发展方式之间的区别？
The difference is likely between individual-focused and group-focused professional development. Coaching and mentoring involve personalized consultation where one experienced professional guides another through reflective supervision. Communities of practice, on the other hand, are collaborative — they bring together multiple professionals at similar levels to learn from each other, share best practices, and collectively move through evaluative stages of their development.
区别可能在于以个人为中心和以小组为中心的职业发展。教练辅导和导师制涉及个性化的咨询，由一位经验丰富的专业人员通过反思性督导来指导另一位。而实践社群则是协作式的——它们将多位处于类似水平的专业人员聚集在一起，互相学习、分享最佳实践，并共同经历发展的评估阶段。
Trends in professional development
职业发展趋势
Despite the many advances in professional development, did you know
that going to a classroom with a live instructor is still the most
commonly-used form of training? Consider the statistics:
尽管职业发展有了许多进步，你知道吗？去教室接受现场讲师授课仍然是最常用的培训形式？请看以下统计数据：
| Format 格式 | Percentage 百分比 |
|---|---|
| Instructor-led classroom 讲师面授课堂 | 50% |
| Instructor-led online 讲师线上授课 | 9% |
| Instructor-led remote 讲师远程授课 | 5% |
| Self-paced online 自主在线学习 | 19% |
| Self-paced non-networked computer 自主非联网计算机学习 | 2% |
| Self-paced print 自主印刷材料学习 | 4% |
| Mobile technology 移动技术 | 2% |
| Non-computer technology 非计算机技术 | 1% |
Do any of the statistics surprise you?
有没有哪些统计数据让你感到惊讶？
Yes, I do find it surprising that instructor-led classroom training still accounts for 50% of formal learning hours. In the age of digital technology, I would have expected self-paced online learning to have a larger share. It’s also surprising that mobile technology only accounts for 2%, given how prevalent smartphones are in our daily lives.
是的，我确实觉得讲师面授课堂培训仍占正式学习时间的50%令人惊讶。在数字技术时代，我本以为自主在线学习会占更大比例。同样令人惊讶的是，移动技术仅占2%，考虑到智能手机在我们日常生活中的普及程度。
What format do you prefer for professional development?
Why?
你更喜欢哪种职业发展形式？为什么？
I do prefer a blended approach that combines instructor-led online sessions with self-paced learning. The instructor-led component provides collaborative interaction and immediate feedback through consultation, while self-paced materials allow for reflective supervision of your own progress. This combination supports different learning styles and provides flexibility for busy professionals pursuing continuing education.
我确实更喜欢将讲师线上授课与自主学习相结合的混合方式。讲师授课的部分提供协作互动和通过咨询获得即时反馈，而自主学习材料允许对自己的进步进行反思性督导。这种组合支持不同的学习风格，并为忙碌的继续教育专业人员提供灵活性。
Do you think a different format of training will become
popular in the future?
你认为未来会有不同的培训形式变得流行吗？
I do think mobile technology and AI-powered coaching will become much more popular. As technology advances, we’ll likely see more personalized mentoring through AI, combined with communities of practice in virtual reality environments. The collaborative aspect of learning will remain important, but the format will shift to be more accessible and on-demand, allowing professionals to fit continuing education into their busy schedules.
我确实认为移动技术和人工智能驱动的教练辅导会变得更加流行。随着技术进步，我们可能会看到更多通过AI实现的个性化导师制，结合虚拟现实环境中的实践社群。学习的协作性方面仍将很重要，但形式将转变为更加便捷和按需提供，使专业人员能够将继续教育融入繁忙的日程中。
I do like the idea of coaching
我确实喜欢教练辅导的理念
Think about your experience.
想想你的经历。
What kinds of professional development have you experienced?
How has it benefited you? Did you enjoy it?
你经历过哪些职业发展？它对你有什么益处？你享受这个过程吗？
I have experienced several forms of professional development, including instructor-led classroom training and self-paced online continuing education courses. The collaborative workshops did help me build stronger relationships with colleagues and develop new credentials. I also benefited from mentoring — having a senior professional guide me through an evaluative stage of my career was invaluable. I did enjoy most of it, especially the communities of practice where I could learn from peers facing similar challenges.
我经历过几种形式的职业发展，包括讲师面授课堂培训和自主在线继续教育课程。协作式研讨会确实帮助我与同事建立了更牢固的关系并获得了新的资质证书。我还从导师制中受益——有一位资深专业人员在我职业生涯的评估阶段指导我是非常宝贵的。我确实享受了大部分经历，尤其是实践社群，在那里我能向面临类似挑战的同行学习。
What kind of professional development would you like to try
in the future?
你未来想尝试什么样的职业发展？
I do like the idea of coaching — having a dedicated professional provide ongoing consultation and reflective supervision tailored to my specific goals. I would also like to participate in more communities of practice, especially cross-industry ones where collaborative learning could bring fresh perspectives. Additionally, I’m interested in pursuing formal credentials through continuing education programs that combine mentoring with structured evaluative stages.
我确实喜欢教练辅导的理念——有一位专业人员提供持续的、针对我具体目标量身定制的咨询和反思性督导。我还想参加更多的实践社群，特别是跨行业的，协作学习能够带来全新的视角。此外，我有兴趣通过将导师制与结构化评估阶段相结合的继续教育项目来获得正式的资质证书。
professional development – continuing education – credential –
collaborative – evaluative stage – consultation – coaching – mentoring –
reflective supervision – communities of practice
职业发展 – 继续教育 – 资质证书 – 协作式的 – 评估阶段 – 咨询 – 教练辅导 –
导师制 – 反思性督导 – 实践社群
‘do’ and ‘did’ for emphasis
用 “do” 和 “did” 表示强调
Feedback and error correction
反馈与纠错
What have you learned?
你学到了什么？
Use the key language from today’s lesson to share a trivia point you
know or some other interesting kind of evidence you’ve seen.
使用今天课程的核心词汇分享一个你知道的趣味知识点或你见过的其他有趣证据。
Did you know that … ?
你知道吗……？
Did you know that the hypothesis “we only use 10% of our brain” has been thoroughly debunked? Compelling evidence from brain imaging studies does show that we use virtually every part of our brain. This widely-believed claim doesn’t withstand scientific scrutiny — proof from neuroscience demonstrates that even simple tasks activate multiple brain regions. The credibility of this myth is completely implausible given modern evidence.
你知道”我们只使用了大脑的10%“这一假说已经被彻底推翻了吗？来自脑成像研究的令人信服的证据确实表明我们几乎使用了大脑的每一个部分。这个被广泛相信的说法经不起科学审查——来自神经科学的证明表明即使是简单的任务也会激活多个脑区。鉴于现代证据，这个谬论的可信度是完全不合理的。
You can now…
你现在可以……
… support an argument with concrete evidence.
……用具体证据支持论点。
… talk about professional development programs.
……谈论职业发展项目。
Boost your vocabulary!
提升你的词汇量！
Let’s look at some words and phrases to help you understand the
article.
让我们来看一些帮助你理解文章的单词和短语。
tardy [adjective] - delaying beyond the expected
time; late
tardy（形容词）—— 超过预期时间的；迟到的
negligence [noun] - failure to give sufficient care
and attention
negligence（名词）—— 未能给予足够的关注和注意；疏忽
to hijack [verb] - to take control of something and
use it for your own purpose
to hijack（动词）——
控制某物并将其用于自己的目的；劫持
perpetrator [noun] - a person who does something
harmful or illegal
perpetrator（名词）—— 做有害或非法事情的人；犯罪者
fastidious [adjective] - caring a lot about small
details
fastidious（形容词）—— 非常在意细节的；一丝不苟的
artful [adjective] - deceitful, tricky
artful（形容词）—— 狡猾的，诡计多端的
protocol [noun] - the rules and customs of a group
or a standard procedure
protocol（名词）——
一个群体的规则和惯例或标准程序；协议
to fret [verb] - to worry about something
continuously
to fret（动词）—— 持续担忧某事；焦虑
permutation [noun] - any of the various ways in
which a set of things can be ordered
permutation（名词）——
一组事物可以被排列的各种方式中的任何一种；排列组合
paranoid [adjective] - having an irrational and
obsessive distrust of others
paranoid（形容词）——
对他人有非理性和偏执的不信任；多疑的
If you know your vocabulary, you’re ready to read!
如果你已经掌握了这些词汇，就可以开始阅读了！
What is identity theft and what steps can you take to avoid becoming
a victim?
什么是身份盗窃，你可以采取哪些措施来避免成为受害者？
I guess you may have come across the expression: “To shut the stable
door after the horse has bolted,” meaning that you are tardy in taking
action to prevent something bad from happening because the bad event has
already happened.
我猜你可能遇到过这个表达：“亡羊补牢，为时已晚”，意思是你在采取行动防止坏事发生时已经迟了，因为坏事已经发生了。
Well, that precisely describes what happens to most people that
encounter online identity theft.
这正好描述了大多数遭遇网络身份盗窃的人的情况。
Don’t let it be you!
不要让这种事发生在你身上！
Identity theft is the deliberate use of someone else’s
identity—through social security information, credit card details, or
driver’s license number—usually as a method of gaining financial
advantage or to obtain credit in another person’s name.
身份盗窃是故意使用他人的身份——通过社会保障信息、信用卡详情或驾照号码——通常作为获取经济利益或以他人名义获得信贷的手段。
While it is not always your negligence that causes the hijacking of
your information, it is ultimately your responsibility to ensure that
you protect yourself from the perpetrators of these crimes.
虽然并不总是你的疏忽导致了信息被劫持，但确保保护自己免受这些犯罪分子侵害最终是你的责任。
It’s a strange fact that the same people that are fastidious in
checking their door is locked securely before leaving home are the very
same people that carelessly post sensitive information online that makes
it simple for an artful cyber criminal to do untold damage without
leaving his lair.
一个奇怪的事实是，那些在出门前一丝不苟地检查门是否锁好的人，正是那些不经意地在网上发布敏感信息的人，这使得狡猾的网络犯罪分子能够在不离开巢穴的情况下造成不可估量的损害。
Unfortunately, it is no longer enough to place your trust in
businesses and institutions to protect you.
不幸的是，仅仅信任企业和机构来保护你已经不够了。
There are a surprising number of household name companies that use
poor security protocols.
有数量惊人的知名公司使用着糟糕的安全协议。
We should all be guarding our information as strongly as we guard our
home.
我们都应该像保护我们的家一样强力地保护我们的信息。
Here are a few tips on how to start.
以下是一些入门建议。
A significant number of us now execute our banking business online
and groan at the security questions we need to answer ad nauseam.
我们中相当多的人现在在网上办理银行业务，并对需要反复回答的安全问题感到厌烦。
What are the customary questions?
那些常见的问题是什么？
What is your mother’s maiden name?
你母亲的婚前姓氏是什么？
What was the name of your first school?
你第一所学校的名字是什么？
Now, can you recollect that amusing social media game you played last
week?
现在，你能回忆起你上周玩的那个有趣的社交媒体游戏吗？
Among the questions, what was the name of your first school?
在那些问题中，你第一所学校的名字是什么？
Your secret answers are the target for ID thieves and you just
supplied one.
你的秘密答案是身份盗贼的目标，而你刚刚提供了一个。
Don’t play social media games of this sort!
不要玩这类社交媒体游戏！
Online quizzes pose much the same threat.
网上测验也构成同样的威胁。
It’s easy to reveal personal information without realizing and
child’s play for the criminal to retrieve it.
在不知不觉中泄露个人信息很容易，而对犯罪分子来说获取这些信息更是轻而易举。
More obvious perhaps is the advice never to accept friend requests on
social media from strangers.
也许更明显的建议是永远不要在社交媒体上接受陌生人的好友请求。
You are giving them access to every status update you will make and
have made in the past.
你正在让他们看到你将来和过去发布的每一条状态更新。
Don’t fret though, this is easy to remedy.
不过不要担心，这很容易补救。
Simply scrutinize your list, delete anyone that you don’t recognize,
and then adjust your security settings to ‘friends only’.
只需仔细审查你的好友列表，删除任何你不认识的人，然后将你的安全设置调整为”仅限好友”。
You may miss out on making contact with your long lost buddy from
kindergarten you haven’t talked to for 30 years, but you will ensure
that your personal information is much more secure.
你可能会错过与30年未联系的幼儿园失散好友取得联系的机会，但你会确保你的个人信息安全得多。
Finally, we all know not to use the same password for every site,
don’t we?
最后，我们都知道不应该在每个网站使用相同的密码，对吧？
But we are still human and strive to make each password easy to
remember, which means they are easy to crack.
但我们毕竟是人，总是努力让每个密码容易记住，这意味着它们也容易被破解。
There are sites available like 1password.com or lastpass.com that
generate random passwords.
有一些网站如1password.com或lastpass.com可以生成随机密码。
Next time you acquire a new tablet, phone, or laptop, start afresh
and use a different permutation for your passwords with their
assistance.
下次你购买新的平板电脑、手机或笔记本电脑时，重新开始，在它们的帮助下为你的密码使用不同的排列组合。
With all these warnings, it’s easy to become paranoid.
听了这么多警告，很容易变得多疑。
That’s not my intention at all.
这完全不是我的本意。
In reality, targeted attacks—unless you’ve done something to draw
attention to yourself or become a celebrity overnight—are thankfully
rare.
事实上，有针对性的攻击——除非你做了什么引人注目的事或一夜成名——幸好是很少见的。
So sleep easy, the chance of falling victim is very slight, but it
does no harm to take one or two precautions, right?
所以安心睡觉吧，成为受害者的机会非常小，但采取一两项预防措施也无妨，对吧？
Think about the following questions:
思考以下问题：
What steps have you taken to protect your online
security?
你采取了哪些措施来保护你的网络安全？
I use different passwords for different accounts and rely on a password manager to keep track of them. I also enable two-factor authentication (2FA) on all important accounts such as email, banking, and social media. I avoid clicking suspicious links and regularly review my privacy settings on social media platforms. I also keep my devices and software updated to patch security vulnerabilities.
What other steps will you take after reading this
article?
阅读这篇文章后你还会采取哪些其他措施？
After reading this article, I will be more cautious about social media games and online quizzes that ask personal questions. I’ll also review my friend lists on social media to remove anyone I don’t actually know, and I’ll make sure my profile settings are restricted to “friends only.” Additionally, I’ll consider switching to a dedicated password manager for generating truly random passwords.
Are you active on social media and/or guilty of any of the
practices highlighted in the article?
你活跃在社交媒体上吗？你是否犯了文章中提到的那些错误？
I am moderately active on social media. I have to admit that in the past I’ve accepted friend requests from people I didn’t really know and participated in some of those “fun” online quizzes without thinking about the security implications. After reading this article, I realize that some of those quizzes could have been harvesting answers to common security questions.
Do you consider the internet has made your life better or
worse in general? Why?
你认为互联网总体上让你的生活变好了还是变差了？为什么？
Overall, the internet has made my life significantly better. It provides instant access to information, makes communication with people around the world effortless, and offers countless tools for work and entertainment. However, it has also introduced risks like identity theft and privacy concerns. The key is to use it wisely and take proper precautions to protect yourself.
Would you like the police to be given more powers to control
the internet? In what way?
你希望警方被赋予更多权力来管控互联网吗？以何种方式？
I believe there should be a balanced approach. The police should have better tools and authority to investigate cybercrimes like identity theft, fraud, and hacking. However, this should not come at the cost of ordinary citizens’ privacy and freedom of speech. Any increased powers should be subject to strict oversight, warrants, and transparency to prevent abuse. I support stronger enforcement against criminals but not mass surveillance of innocent people.
Boost your vocabulary!
提升你的词汇量！
Let’s look at some words and phrases to help you understand the
article.
让我们来看一些帮助你理解文章的单词和短语。
morale [noun] - the confidence, enthusiasm, and
discipline of a person or group at a particular time
morale（名词）——
某人或某个群体在特定时期的信心、热情和纪律；士气
to bond [verb] - to unite people; to create a close
connection
to bond（动词）—— 团结人们；建立紧密联系
quotient [noun] - a degree or amount of a specified
quality or characteristic
quotient（名词）——
某种特定品质或特征的程度或数量；指数
to venture [verb] - to dare to do something or go
somewhere that may be dangerous or unpleasant
to venture（动词）——
敢于做某事或去某个可能有危险或不愉快的地方；冒险
to break the ice [idiom] - to do something as a
means of reducing or eliminating shyness, awkward tension, or
unfamiliarity
to break the ice（习语）——
做某事以减少或消除害羞、尴尬的紧张感或陌生感；打破僵局
to have the last word [idiom] - to make the final
decision
to have the last word（习语）——
做出最终决定；拥有最终发言权
to have your hands tied [idiom] - to be unable to
act freely
to have your hands tied（习语）——
无法自由行动；束手无策
onslaught [noun] - a fierce or destructive
attack
onslaught（名词）—— 猛烈的或破坏性的攻击；猛攻
If you know your vocabulary, you’re ready to read!
如果你已经掌握了这些词汇，就可以开始阅读了！
Imagine how awesome it would be if your dog or cat could come to work
with you.
想象一下，如果你的狗或猫能和你一起来上班，那该多好啊。
You’d de-stress by petting him, it’d entertain you by walking across
your keyboard, and you’d have something to talk about with your
coworkers.
你可以通过抚摸它来减压，它会通过走过你的键盘来逗你开心，而且你会有和同事聊天的话题。
Some people don’t have to imagine that because their employers
already allow pets at work!
有些人不需要想象，因为他们的雇主已经允许宠物进入工作场所了！
But some people don’t like the idea of it at all.
但有些人完全不喜欢这个想法。
In most cases, allowing pets to come to work really means dogs, but
there are companies that welcome birds, cats, and assorted other animal
friends.
在大多数情况下，允许宠物来上班实际上是指狗，但也有一些公司欢迎鸟、猫和各种其他动物朋友。
Like most variables in life, whether it’s a good or bad idea to allow
pets in the workplace depends on the people and the environment.
像生活中的大多数变量一样，是否允许宠物进入工作场所取决于人和环境。
Why is allowing pets in the workplace a good
idea?
为什么允许宠物进入工作场所是个好主意？
It improves morale.
它能提升士气。
Businesses that allow furry or feathered friends to come to work with
employees tend to have creative, open working environments.
允许毛茸茸或有羽毛的朋友和员工一起来上班的企业往往拥有创意、开放的工作环境。
It helps when the corporate culture places an emphasis on its
employees’ experiences at work.
当企业文化注重员工的工作体验时，这会有所帮助。
Innovative employers like Google and Zynga—where every day is
bring-your-dog-to-work day—and pet focused companies like Purina welcome
employees to bring their pets to work with them in order to improve
work-life balance, stress reduction, and employee productivity.
像谷歌和Zynga这样的创新雇主——那里每天都是带狗上班日——以及像普瑞纳这样的宠物公司欢迎员工带宠物上班，以改善工作与生活的平衡、减轻压力和提高员工生产力。
It helps employees bond, which motivates good work.
它帮助员工建立联系，从而激发良好的工作表现。
Katie Papa, supervising producer at Pie Town Productions in Los
Angeles, says: “Having dogs in the office contributes to the ‘family
feel’ that this company has, and it also raises the cuteness quotient
considerably.”
洛杉矶Pie Town Productions的监制Katie
Papa说：“办公室里有狗增强了这家公司的’家庭感’，也大大提高了可爱指数。”
“Having animals around has shown to facilitate employees interacting
with one another where they wouldn’t normally venture outside their
comfort zones.”
“有动物在身边已被证明能促进员工之间的互动，让他们走出通常不会离开的舒适区。”
“Sometimes, it’s easier to talk to a coworker if there is a pet
around to break the ice.”
“有时候，如果周围有宠物来打破僵局，和同事交谈会更容易。”
When are pets in the workplace a bad idea?
什么时候宠物进入工作场所是个坏主意？
When one or more coworkers have allergies or a fear of animals.
当一个或多个同事对动物过敏或恐惧时。
The presence of an animal could understandably cause a true threat to
someone’s wellbeing and sense of safety.
动物的存在可以理解地会对某人的健康和安全感造成真正的威胁。
Allergies can be considered official disabilities that should be
respected in the workplace.
过敏可以被视为应该在工作场所得到尊重的正式残疾。
At Google, people with animal allergies have the last word on whether
it’s OK for their office mates to bring their pets into the environment
or not.
在谷歌，对动物过敏的人对其办公室同事是否可以带宠物进入工作环境拥有最终决定权。
Some businesses might actually embrace and really desire to have
friendly, fun animals around to brighten everyone’s day, but when their
landlord doesn’t allow them in the building they are in, they simply
restrict their presence.
一些企业可能真的很想让友好、有趣的动物出现在周围来让每个人开心，但当他们的房东不允许动物进入所在建筑时，他们只能限制宠物的出现。
Thus, they have their hands tied.
因此，他们束手无策。
When the workplace is sterile, or produces or serves food, you
wouldn’t want a shedding dog in a laboratory or cafe, where supplies,
meals, or manufactured products are made or packaged.
当工作场所是无菌的，或者生产或提供食品时，你不会想让一只掉毛的狗出现在实验室或咖啡馆里，那里是制作或包装物资、食品或产品的地方。
If the animals are distracting or otherwise curb productivity.
如果动物分散注意力或以其他方式抑制了生产力。
Heather Konkoli worked at an office where pets were welcome, but only
because everyone respected that not all animals were suitable for the
workplace.
Heather
Konkoli曾在一家欢迎宠物的办公室工作，但这仅仅是因为每个人都尊重并非所有动物都适合工作场所这一事实。
“Yes, some employees had dogs that they knew would not react well in
that environment, so those pups had to stay home,” she recalls.
“是的，一些员工知道他们的狗在那种环境中不会表现好，所以那些狗只能留在家里，”她回忆道。
“It worked out well with employees being smart about it to not ruin
it for everyone.”
“员工们很明智地对待这件事，没有为所有人搞砸，结果很好。”
Even the most docile animals require care and supervision, and breaks
for relieving themselves.
即使是最温顺的动物也需要照料和监督，以及外出方便的休息时间。
When too much time is taken up by animal breaks, depending on the
work, their presence might be counterproductive.
当太多时间被动物休息占用时，根据工作性质，它们的存在可能适得其反。
Smaller companies—especially ones whose function revolves around pets
and animals—are more likely to have looser guidelines about appropriate
behavior for its employees who bring pets to work.
较小的公司——特别是那些业务围绕宠物和动物的公司——更可能对带宠物上班的员工的行为规范有更宽松的准则。
Pie Town wisely incorporated more formal guidelines once the practice
became so popular.
当这种做法变得如此流行时，Pie Town明智地引入了更正式的准则。
“Pie Town Productions has always had a generous
bring-your-dog-to-work policy,” says Papa.
“Pie Town Productions一直有慷慨的带狗上班政策，”Papa说。
“The unwritten rules have always been that your dog needs to be
housebroken, friendly, and relatively quiet.”
“不成文的规则一直是你的狗需要经过家庭训练、友好且相对安静。”
“As the company has grown, the policy has become slightly stricter:
you have to sign up to bring your dog, and there is a maximum of three
dogs allowed on any given day.”
“随着公司的发展，政策变得稍微严格了：你必须报名才能带狗来，任何一天最多只允许三只狗。”
“This prevents an onslaught of dogs and lessens the risk of any
unintentional doggie distractions.”
“这防止了狗的大量涌入，也减少了任何无意中造成的狗狗干扰的风险。”
It’s clear that a company needs to weigh the pros and cons very
carefully in order to promote a positive working environment while
maintaining a professional, healthy, and safe workspace for all.
很明显，公司需要非常仔细地权衡利弊，以在促进积极工作环境的同时为所有人维持一个专业、健康和安全的工作空间。
Think about the following questions:
思考以下问题：
Do you have any pets? If yes, what kind of pet/s? If not,
would you like to have one?
你有宠物吗？如果有，是什么宠物？如果没有，你想养一只吗？
I don’t currently have any pets, but I would love to have a dog someday. Dogs are loyal companions and great for encouraging you to go outside and exercise. I think a medium-sized dog like a Golden Retriever or a Labrador would be ideal. The main reason I don’t have one now is that my work schedule is quite busy, and I want to make sure I can give a pet the time and attention it deserves.
Does your company permit pets at work? If yes, have you ever
brought your pet to work? How did it go? If not, why do you think they
don’t?
你的公司允许宠物上班吗？如果是的，你有没有带过宠物去上班？情况如何？如果不允许，你认为原因是什么？
My company does not permit pets at work. I think the main reasons are practical: we work in a shared office building with other companies, and our landlord likely has restrictions. Also, some colleagues might have allergies, and the open-plan office environment could make it difficult to manage animals. Additionally, our work requires concentration and focus, and pet distractions might reduce productivity.
How do you personally feel about having pets at
work?
你个人对带宠物上班有什么看法？
I think it’s a nice idea in theory, but it really depends on the workplace. In a creative, relaxed environment with enough space, pets can boost morale and help people connect. However, in a fast-paced or formal setting, they could be more of a distraction. I would enjoy having well-behaved dogs around occasionally, but I think there should be clear rules and consideration for those who have allergies or fears.
Can you think of any pros or cons that are not mentioned in
the article?
你能想到文章中没有提到的优点或缺点吗？
Additional pros: Pets at work could reduce employee turnover, as it’s a highly valued perk that makes people want to stay. It could also save employees money on doggy daycare or pet sitters. Additional cons: There could be liability issues if a pet bites or injures someone at work. There might also be hygiene concerns with pet hair on shared furniture and equipment. Furthermore, conflicts could arise between pet owners about whose pet behaves better or gets preferential treatment.
What have you learned?
你学到了什么？
What was the most useful word or phrase you learned this
lesson?
这节课你学到的最有用的单词或短语是什么？
Choose one word or phrase that you think would be useful to teach to
one of your colleagues and share it with us.
选择一个你认为对教给同事有用的单词或短语，和我们分享。
Hello everyone, today I want to talk about something that just happened: SpaceX completed the largest IPO in human history, raising 75 billion dollars.
各位好，今天我来聊聊一件刚刚发生的大事：SpaceX完成了人类历史上最大规模的IPO，筹集了750亿美元。
How staggering is that number? The previous record holder was Saudi Aramco, which raised 29.4 billion in 2019. SpaceX more than doubled it. At 135 dollars per share, over 555 million shares issued, the company’s valuation soared to 1.75 trillion dollars, instantly becoming one of the ten largest listed companies on Earth.
这个数字有多夸张？此前的纪录保持者是沙特阿美，2019年筹了294亿美元。SpaceX直接翻了两倍半。每股135美元，发行超过5.5亿股，估值飙至1.75万亿美元，一跃成为全球市值前十的公司。
But this is not just a SpaceX story. This year SpaceX acquired Musk’s AI company xAI, and with OpenAI and Anthropic also preparing to go public, we are about to witness three AI giants launching IPOs in rapid succession. Analysts expect the other two to each list with valuations above one trillion dollars.
但这不仅仅是SpaceX一家的故事。今年SpaceX收购了马斯克的AI公司xAI，加上OpenAI和Anthropic也在筹备上市，我们即将迎来三大AI巨头扎堆IPO的局面。分析师预计后两者估值也将各超万亿美元。
What does this mean for the market? First, a massive shift of capital. The Nasdaq and FTSE Russell have agreed to fast-track SpaceX into their indexes, which means your retirement funds and education funds will passively buy this stock. As investment concentration rises, so does volatility risk. One bad earnings call could send shockwaves through millions of ordinary investors’ portfolios.
这对市场意味着什么？首先是资金大转移。纳斯达克和富时罗素已同意加速将SpaceX纳入指数，这意味着你的退休基金、教育基金都会被动买入这只股票。投资集中度上升，波动性风险随之加大。一次糟糕的财报，就可能让大量普通投资者受到冲击。
Then there is the “Musk risk.” He controls the board and over 80 percent of voting power. He is a brilliant entrepreneur, but also someone whose attention is extremely divided — Tesla, SpaceX, xAI, DOGE. Last year, Tesla’s profits dropped 46 percent when he got distracted. That’s a cautionary tale.
然后是”马斯克风险”。他控制着董事会和80%以上的投票权。他是天才企业家，也是注意力极度分散的人——特斯拉、SpaceX、xAI、DOGE。去年特斯拉利润因他分心而下滑46%，就是前车之鉴。
The most fundamental question is this: none of these AI companies are profitable yet. The public market does not buy visions — it demands profits. As one AI fund manager put it, this is a “sobering moment.” Early investors buy possibilities; the public market wants to see real, working business models.
最根本的问题是：这些AI公司目前都没有盈利。公开市场看的不是愿景，而是利润。正如一位AI基金管理人所说，这是一个”令人清醒的时刻”。早期投资人买的是可能性，公开市场要看到真金白银的商业模式。
What are the actual margins for running large language models? AI development is still constrained by computing power and energy. We are still in the very early stages of this technology, and the road ahead will be long and bumpy.
运行大语言模型的利润率到底是多少？AI的发展还受制于算力和能源。我们仍处于技术发展的早期阶段，前路漫长且颠簸。
The advice for ordinary investors is simple: Vanguard’s chief investment officer says IPOs are highly speculative and should not be treated as a way to do long-term investing.
对普通投资者的建议很简单：先锋集团的首席投资官说了，IPO具有高度投机性，不要把它当作长期投资的方式。
A new era is dawning, but fasten your seatbelts. Thank you.
一个时代正在开启，但请系好安全带。谢谢大家。
Elon Musk’s mega-conglomerate SpaceX made history on Thursday, raising $75 billion in the biggest initial public offering on record.
埃隆·马斯克旗下的超级企业集团SpaceX周四创造了历史，在有史以来最大的首次公开募股中筹集了750亿美元。
In an announcement posted online, SpaceX confirmed the pricing of its IPO of 555,555,555 shares at $135 each. It also said it granted the underwriters of the listing an option to buy an additional 83.3 million shares.
SpaceX在网上发布的公告中确认，其IPO定价为每股135美元，共发行555,555,555股。公司还表示，已授予承销商额外购买8330万股的选择权。
The stock is expected to start trading publicly on Friday under the ticker SPCX. The listing blows past the previous record-holder for the biggest IPO, Saudi Aramco, whose 2019 listing netted $29.4 billion.
该股票预计将于周五以股票代码SPCX开始公开交易。此次上市远超此前最大IPO纪录保持者沙特阿美，后者2019年上市时筹集了294亿美元。
SpaceX acquired Musk’s AI company, xAI, this year, and that makes it part of a trio of huge artificial intelligence-related IPOs in the works. ChatGPT maker OpenAI and Anthropic, owner of the popular Claude AI models, have also filed paperwork with the Securities and Exchange Commission to begin the process of what are sure to be giant IPOs of their own, likely later this year.
SpaceX今年收购了马斯克的AI公司xAI，这使其成为正在筹备中的三大人工智能相关IPO之一。ChatGPT的开发商OpenAI和热门AI模型Claude的所有者Anthropic也已向美国证券交易委员会提交了文件，启动各自的巨型IPO流程，预计将在今年晚些时候进行。
Analysts say these three IPOs could reshape markets and inject new volatility into equities, as already sky-high expectations for AI companies come face-to-face with the reality of how these companies are run.
分析师表示，这三宗IPO可能会重塑市场并为股市注入新的波动性，因为人们对AI公司本已极高的期望将与这些公司的实际运营状况正面碰撞。
The SpaceX IPO is as much a test of investor appetite for rocketry and artificial intelligence as it is for CEO Musk himself, analysts say. “For a lot of people looking at this deal, whether you want to buy it or not is in part a bet on Elon Musk,” said Angelo Bochanis, an associate at Renaissance Capital, which tracks IPOs.
分析师表示，SpaceX的IPO既是对投资者对火箭技术和人工智能兴趣的考验，也是对CEO马斯克本人的考验。“对于很多关注这笔交易的人来说，是否要买入在一定程度上是对埃隆·马斯克的押注，”跟踪IPO的Renaissance Capital的合伙人安杰洛·博查尼斯说。
According to the company’s listing prospectus, Musk will retain a tight grip on the company by controlling the board and holding more than 80% of stock voting power.
根据公司的上市招股说明书，马斯克将通过控制董事会和持有超过80%的股票投票权来牢牢掌控公司。
That carries potential risk, Bochanis said. Musk is one of the best-known figures in corporate America and has made Tesla the most valuable car company in the world. But Bochanis notes that Tesla’s share price — and profits in 2025 — took a hit when Musk turned his focus last year to leading DOGE, President Trump’s controversial effort to ostensibly make government more efficient by cutting back federal programs and staffing.
博查尼斯表示，这带来了潜在风险。马斯克是美国商界最知名的人物之一，他使特斯拉成为全球最有价值的汽车公司。但博查尼斯指出，去年马斯克将精力转向领导DOGE——特朗普总统那个名义上通过削减联邦项目和人员来提高政府效率的争议性举措——时，特斯拉的股价和2025年的利润都受到了打击。
“There are a lot of people who are really sold on his vision and sold on his expertise running this company thus far,” said Bochanis. “There are also a lot of people concerned about the fact that, more than any listing ever, this is a company going public where Elon Musk has near-total say of how everything works. He has his hand in a lot of different jars. His attention is very much divided.”
“有很多人非常认同他的愿景，也认可他迄今为止经营这家公司的专业能力，”博查尼斯说。“但也有很多人担心，这是有史以来上市公司中，埃隆·马斯克对公司运作拥有几乎完全话语权的一家。他涉足太多领域，注意力非常分散。”
The public listing of shares by SpaceX and, later, Anthropic and OpenAI will also open up these companies to scrutiny that, as private firms, they have not yet faced. Listed companies are required to file public quarterly and annual financial reports, as well as other paperwork, giving investors a look under the hood.
SpaceX以及之后Anthropic和OpenAI的公开上市，也将使这些公司面临作为私营企业时未曾经历的审视。上市公司需要提交公开的季度和年度财务报告以及其他文件，让投资者得以一窥其内部运营。
These IPOs are a “sobering moment,” said Songyee Yoon, managing partner at Principal Venture Partners, a fund that focuses on AI. Early investors, like venture funds, buy into the possibilities and promise of startups and new technologies like AI, she said. The public market places more value on profits and practical business models — and at present, the public has limited ability to assess these companies’ profitability.
“这些IPO是一个’令人清醒的时刻’，”专注于AI的基金Principal Venture Partners的管理合伙人尹松怡说。她表示，早期投资者如风投基金买入的是初创企业和AI等新技术的可能性和前景。而公开市场更看重利润和切实可行的商业模式——目前，公众评估这些公司盈利能力的手段有限。
“It is true that it’s a kind of technology with huge potential, but I think we have to also be grounded in thinking about what we can actually accomplish within reasonable means,” she said.
“确实，这是一种具有巨大潜力的技术，但我认为我们也必须务实地思考在合理条件下我们实际能实现什么，”她说。
AI is a relatively new technology, she noted, and its development is constrained by resources, including computing power and energy. Popular cutting-edge AI models, like ChatGPT and Claude, also all tend to represent one form of AI, which may or may not end up being the most scalable and useful, she said. Different AI technologies — as well as other companies — could turn out to be more profitable bets.
她指出，AI是一项相对较新的技术，其发展受到资源限制，包括算力和能源。她说，ChatGPT和Claude等热门前沿AI模型都倾向于代表一种AI形式，这种形式最终可能是也可能不是最具可扩展性和最有用的。不同的AI技术——以及其他公司——可能最终被证明是更有利可图的投资。
“We still are very early in terms of innovation and technology development,” she said. “There is a long way to go, which means it will be a very bumpy road.”
“我们在创新和技术发展方面仍处于非常早期的阶段，”她说。“前路漫长，这意味着将是一条非常颠簸的道路。”
The SpaceX listing comes at a time when stocks, led by tech companies, have been wobbling after huge run-ups amid mounting concerns about the return on investment for AI. On Thursday, the Nasdaq clawed back some ground after shedding more than 7% since hitting an all-time high on June 1.
SpaceX上市之际，在人们对AI投资回报的担忧日益加剧的背景下，以科技公司为首的股市在大幅上涨后出现了震荡。周四，纳斯达克指数在自6月1日创下历史新高以来下跌超过7%后收复了部分失地。
The SpaceX IPO — along with those of Anthropic and OpenAI — could also lead investors to shift large chunks of money away from other listed companies and into these new ones. This could spark some market turbulence that could even affect the portfolios of people who didn’t actively buy SpaceX stock.
SpaceX的IPO——连同Anthropic和OpenAI的IPO——还可能导致投资者将大量资金从其他上市公司转移到这些新公司。这可能引发一些市场动荡，甚至影响那些没有主动购买SpaceX股票的人的投资组合。
The Nasdaq, FTSE Russell and other stock index firms have agreed to fast-track the inclusion of SpaceX shares in their indexes, which means passive investment funds that track indexes, like retirement and education funds, will have to acquire the shares.
纳斯达克、富时罗素和其他股票指数公司已同意加速将SpaceX股票纳入其指数，这意味着跟踪指数的被动投资基金（如退休基金和教育基金）将不得不购入这些股票。
“There’s a giant risk for volatility,” said Bochanis. “If investments are going to get more concentrated, if more people are going to be putting a larger percentage of their money into a couple of names, then that risk of one bad earnings call is really going to be felt by people.”
“波动性风险巨大，”博查尼斯说。“如果投资变得更加集中，如果更多人将更大比例的资金投入少数几只股票，那么一次糟糕的财报电话会议带来的风险将真切地被人们感受到。”
Friday’s listing also comes at a time when the stock market and the U.S. economy have been propelled by private venture funds and the government investing hundreds of billions of dollars into artificial intelligence companies.
周五的上市也正值私人风投基金和政府向人工智能公司投入数千亿美元，推动股市和美国经济发展之际。
With its IPO price of $135, SpaceX’s valuation soared to around $1.75 trillion, making it one of the 10 biggest listed companies on Earth. Analysts say Anthropic and OpenAI are likely to also list with valuations above $1 trillion each.
以135美元的IPO价格计算，SpaceX的估值飙升至约1.75万亿美元，使其成为全球市值前十的上市公司之一。分析师表示，Anthropic和OpenAI上市时的估值也可能各自超过1万亿美元。
The IPOs, in addition to enriching early investors, will infuse fresh cash into the companies. In its prospectus filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission, SpaceX said it will use the money for continued growth of its AI compute infrastructure, launch facilities and vehicles, and satellite constellations.
这些IPO除了让早期投资者获利外，还将为公司注入新的资金。SpaceX在向美国证券交易委员会提交的招股说明书中表示，将把资金用于AI计算基础设施、发射设施和运载火箭以及卫星星座的持续发展。
“There’s just tons of money going into this,” Ethan Feller, a stock strategist at Zacks Investment Research, said about AI. But, he pointed out, that level of investment is not guaranteed indefinitely. “What would ultimately make the market potentially go down is this liquidity stopping to flow into these things,” he said.
“大量资金正在涌入这个领域，”Zacks投资研究公司的股票策略师伊森·费勒在谈到AI时说。但他指出，这种投资水平不会无限期持续下去。“最终可能导致市场下跌的是流动性不再流入这些领域，”他说。
Feller said two other factors could put a damper on the flow of money into AI: tougher future regulations for AI firms and higher interest rates prompted by rising inflation.
费勒表示，另外两个因素可能会抑制资金流入AI：对AI公司更严格的未来监管，以及通胀上升导致的更高利率。
And these companies will have to prove that they can be profitable.
而且这些公司将必须证明自己能够盈利。
“The ultimate question that this whole thing hinges on is: These companies aren’t profitable yet, [so] how does this business model work?” he said. “What are, ultimately, the margins going to be for running large language models and running this software?”
“这一切的核心问题是：这些公司尚未盈利，那么这种商业模式如何运作？”他说。“最终，运行大型语言模型和运行这些软件的利润率会是多少？”
Once the stock begins to trade Friday, the listing price is only the starting point. It could soar higher or dip lower in the coming days. That’s why Rodney Comegys, chief investment officer and head of global equity for Vanguard Capital Management, advises caution for retail investors.
一旦股票周五开始交易，上市价格只是起点。它可能在未来几天大幅上涨或下跌。这就是为什么先锋资本管理公司首席投资官兼全球股票主管罗德尼·科梅吉斯建议散户投资者谨慎行事。
“Investing in an IPO process can be highly speculative, and it’s really difficult to determine the path of an IPO on a given day,” he said. “Anybody who’s thinking about participating in SpaceX’s IPO, to do it only in a speculative way, it is really not the best way to do long-term investing.”
“参与IPO过程可能具有高度投机性，很难确定IPO在某一天的走势，”他说。“任何考虑参与SpaceX IPO的人，如果只是以投机方式参与，这真的不是长期投资的最佳方式。”
Hello everyone, the Class of 2026 has officially entered the workforce. Today I want to discuss a question many parents care about: how do you help your kids get started financially without jeopardizing your own future?
各位好，2026届毕业生已经正式步入职场了。今天我想和大家聊一个很多家长关心的问题：怎样帮孩子在经济上起步，同时不把自己的未来搭进去？
The data speaks for itself. According to Intuit’s report, 85 percent of recent graduates wish the financial struggles they will face in their twenties were discussed more openly. More than half feel more overwhelmed than ever — housing, groceries, debt repayment, financial independence — every single one is a heavy burden.
数据说明一切。根据Intuit的报告，85%的应届毕业生希望他们即将面对的经济困境能被更公开地讨论。超过半数感到前所未有的压力——住房、食品、还债、经济独立，每一项都是沉甸甸的现实。
Tara Popernik, head of wealth planning at LPL Financial, offers one core principle: get your own financial house in order first. Before you subsidize your child’s rent or car down payment, make sure it does not jeopardize your own retirement. This is not selfish — it is being responsible to the whole family.
LPL Financial的财富规划主管塔拉·波佩尔尼克给出了一个核心原则：先把自己的财务状况理顺。你给孩子补贴房租或车贷首付之前，必须确认这不会危及你自己的退休。这不是自私，这是对全家负责。
How do you do it in practice? Popernik suggests thinking in layers. The first layer is low-cost: keep them on the family health insurance, cell phone plan, and streaming accounts. The second layer is one-time big-ticket items: apartment deposits, co-signing leases, furniture. The key is — at every layer, communicate expectations and timelines clearly with your child.
具体怎么做？波佩尔尼克建议分层思考。第一层是低成本的：让孩子继续留在家庭医保、手机套餐和流媒体账号上。第二层是一次性的大额支出：公寓押金、共同签署租约、买家具。关键是——无论哪一层，都要和孩子明确沟通期望和期限。
Here are a few practical tips. First, make good use of the annual gift tax exclusion. In 2026, each parent can give each child 19,000 dollars per year without triggering gift tax. Both parents together means 38,000. Grandparents can give the same amount.
几个实用建议。第一，善用赠予免税额。2026年每位父母每年可以给每个孩子19,000美元而不触发赠予税。父母双方就是38,000美元，祖父母也可以给同样的金额。
Second, incentivize early saving. You can say, “I’ll give you 6,000 dollars to open a Roth IRA,” or subsidize their spending money so they can contribute to their 401(k) and capture the employer match. When you are young and earning less, the Roth option gives you the biggest tax advantage — withdrawals are tax-free forever.
第二，激励孩子尽早储蓄。可以说”我给你6,000美元，你去开个Roth IRA”，或者补贴他们的零花钱让他们往401(k)缴款以拿到雇主匹配。年轻时收入低，Roth账户的税务优势是最大的——提取时永远免税。
Third, build an independent credit profile early. When they start college, have them get a low-limit credit card, use it for one small recurring charge, and pay it off monthly. By their early twenties, they will have a solid credit history for car loans and apartment applications.
第三，尽早建立独立信用。上大学时就让孩子办一张低额度信用卡，每月付一笔小额固定支出然后全额还清。到了20出头需要租房或车贷时，他们就有了良好的信用记录。
Fourth, if they move back home, set clear boundaries. Have them pay symbolic rent — even if you secretly put that money into a savings account to help them save for a future down payment. What matters is building the habit.
第四，如果孩子搬回家住，设定明确界限。让他们象征性交房租——即使你偷偷把这笔钱存进一个账户帮他们攒首付。重要的是培养习惯。
One last point: do not let your kids learn personal finance from TikTok. Find a qualified professional — even a one-time consultation is far more reliable than scrolling short videos.
最后一点：别让孩子在TikTok上学理财。找一个合格的专业顾问，哪怕只是一次性咨询，都比刷短视频靠谱得多。
To sum it up in one sentence: be communicative and judicious, and you will set your children on the path to financial independence. Thank you.
总结就一句话：善于沟通、明智审慎，才能引导孩子走上经济独立的道路。谢谢。
The Class of 2026 is officially entering the workforce, leaving many parents — including this one — wondering how to launch recent graduates financially.
2026届毕业生正式步入职场，让许多家长——包括本文作者——在思考如何帮助应届毕业生在经济上起步。
What is the best way to give your kids a strong start without sabotaging your own future? Should you keep them on the family health insurance plan? Is it okay to offset rent costs in expensive cities? How long should you pay a child’s monthly cell phone bill?
怎样才能在不损害自己未来的前提下给孩子一个好的开端？是否应该让他们继续留在家庭医疗保险计划中？在高房价城市帮他们分担房租合适吗？孩子的月手机费应该帮付多久？
According to Intuit’s Life-ing Report, 85% of recent graduates say they wish the financial struggles they will face in their 20s were discussed more openly. And more than half the Class of 2026 also say they are the most overwhelmed they’ve ever felt in their lives, with top financial stressors including covering necessities like housing and groceries (27%), becoming financially independent (22%) and paying down debt (22%).
根据Intuit的”Life-ing报告”，85%的应届毕业生表示希望他们20多岁将面临的经济困难能被更公开地讨论。超过一半的2026届毕业生还表示，他们感到前所未有的压力，主要的经济压力源包括支付住房和食品等必需品费用（27%）、实现经济独立（22%）和偿还债务（22%）。
To map out how parents can responsibly support new graduates while establishing healthy guardrails for independence, I sat down with Tara Popernik, head of wealth planning at LPL Financial in New York.
为了规划父母如何在建立健康独立界限的同时负责任地支持应届毕业生，我采访了纽约LPL Financial财富规划主管塔拉·波佩尔尼克。
Popernik breaks down the rules of family gifting, the danger of taking financial advice from TikTok and why the path to financial freedom always starts with a parent’s own budget.
波佩尔尼克详细解读了家庭赠予的规则、从TikTok获取理财建议的危险，以及为什么通往财务自由的道路总是从父母自己的预算开始。
As a child enters the workforce for the first time, what is the key advice you have for their parents?
当孩子第一次步入职场时，您对他们的父母有什么关键建议？
First and foremost, as a parent, you have to have your own financial house in order and figure out what level of support you can afford. That may mean sitting down with your financial adviser and thinking through: Are there trade-offs here? If I provide my kid with some rent assistance, the down payment on a car or some ongoing support so that they can make sure that they’re contributing to their own 401(k), does that jeopardize me and my retirement in any way, shape or form?
首先也是最重要的，作为父母，你必须先把自己的财务状况理顺，弄清楚自己能承担什么水平的支持。这可能意味着要和你的财务顾问坐下来想清楚：这里面有没有取舍？如果我给孩子一些房租补贴、汽车首付或一些持续性的支持，让他们能确保向自己的401(k)缴款，这会不会在任何方面危及我自己的退休生活？
Secondarily, it’s just thinking through what support is needed and then being really clear with children around expectations for what that support is. Support can take the form of staying on the family’s health insurance plan or the cell phone plan or keeping the streaming service access. But it can also be a little bit more involved — a security deposit on an apartment, co-signing on a lease, helping with rent, buying furniture or a down payment on a car.
其次，就是要想清楚需要什么样的支持，然后与孩子明确沟通对这些支持的期望。支持可以是让他们继续留在家庭医疗保险计划、手机套餐或保留流媒体服务。但也可以更深入——公寓的押金、共同签署租约、帮付房租、购买家具或汽车首付。
What is the secret to supporting your adult kids without making them entirely dependent on you?
支持成年子女而不让他们完全依赖你的秘诀是什么？
It really is family-by-family, and it does not have to be all or nothing. Parents can offer some assistance while still trying to really encourage that independence, but establish clear guardrails. Those types of guardrails really encourage financial independence and future positive habits when it comes to money and thinking for retirement and beyond.
这真的因家庭而异，不必非此即彼。父母可以在提供一些帮助的同时仍然努力鼓励独立，但要建立明确的界限。这些界限确实能鼓励经济独立，并在理财和为退休及以后做规划方面培养未来的良好习惯。
“Fairness” is a massive point of friction in families. How do you handle a situation where one sibling makes a big salary and another chooses a lower-paying career, like a speech pathologist or teacher?
“公平”是家庭中一个巨大的摩擦点。当一个孩子收入丰厚而另一个选择了薪资较低的职业（如语言治疗师或教师）时，你如何处理这种情况？
The question of fairness comes up a lot. I see some families opt for, “Well, we’re just going to give all of the children the annual exclusion gift equally, and they can opt how to spend it based on their own circumstances.” In other families, you might have one kid who’s going into investment banking and making an outsized salary and another child who’s pursuing something that they’re passionate about.
公平问题经常出现。我看到一些家庭选择”好吧，我们就给所有孩子同等的年度免税赠予额，他们可以根据自己的情况选择如何使用。“在另一些家庭中，你可能有一个孩子进入投资银行业赚着高薪，而另一个孩子在追求自己热爱的事业。
Sometimes it is having a family meeting around: “Look, here’s the money values that my co-parent and I have tried to impart into all of us.” And maybe it is even asking the questions, “What were the money messages you heard from us around the dinner table as well?”
有时候需要召开家庭会议：“看，这些是我和另一位家长试图传递给我们所有人的金钱价值观。”甚至可能要问这个问题：“你们在餐桌上从我们这里听到了什么关于金钱的信息？”
It may be part of your value system as a family to both help the world, but also be productive members of society. And parents may need to communicate that when there is a disparity, they will pitch in a bit in order to help a child who is trying to get established in their chosen profession.
帮助世界、同时成为社会的有用之人，这可能是你们家庭价值体系的一部分。父母可能需要沟通说明：当存在差距时，他们会适当帮助正在努力在所选职业中立足的孩子。
For families looking to provide more significant financial help, what boundaries do parents need to keep in mind?
对于想要提供更大经济帮助的家庭，父母需要牢记哪些界限？
For high-net-worth parents, one thing is the gifting rules. They can’t provide the child with too much support without potentially triggering the size of a gift that would need to be disclosed on a gift tax return.
对于高净值父母来说，一件事是赠予规则。他们不能在不触发需要在赠予税申报表上披露的赠予金额的情况下给孩子过多支持。
Each individual parent can give each individual child up to $19,000 this year as an annual exclusion gift without any gift or estate tax implication. Double that if you have two parents, so $38,000. Grandparents could also give that amount. That $19,000 adds up pretty fast if grandparents are also giving. You may end up with a relatively swanky lifestyle as a recent grad if you get all those annual exclusion gifts.
今年每位父母可以给每个孩子最多19,000美元作为年度免税赠予，不涉及任何赠予税或遗产税。如果父母双方都给，则为38,000美元。祖父母也可以给同样的金额。如果祖父母也参与赠予，这19,000美元累积起来很快。如果你获得了所有这些年度免税赠予，作为应届毕业生可能会过上相当不错的生活。
For a 22-year-old receiving their very first paycheck, retirement feels a lifetime away. How can parents motivate their kids to start saving early?
对于一个收到人生第一份薪水的22岁年轻人来说，退休感觉遥不可及。父母如何激励孩子尽早开始储蓄？
There is a lot of value that new graduates might be leaving on the table if they’re not participating in employer-based plans. First and foremost, an employer match for retirement is very valuable. So if they’re going to contribute, they should contribute at least up to the employer match level.
如果应届毕业生不参加雇主提供的计划，他们可能会错失很多价值。首先也是最重要的，雇主的退休金匹配缴款非常有价值。所以如果他们要缴款，至少应该缴到雇主匹配的水平。
As a parent, you can also say, “Hey, I will provide you $6,000, so that you can make a contribution this year to your own Roth IRA, or I will provide you with enough funds, so that you would be able to have a little extra spending money if you’re going to put into your own 401(k) to get your employer match.” That can be a way to really incentivize children to start saving.
作为父母，你也可以说：“嘿，我给你6,000美元，这样你今年就可以往自己的Roth IRA缴款；或者我给你足够的资金，这样如果你往401(k)缴款以获得雇主匹配，你还能有一些额外的零花钱。”这可以成为真正激励孩子开始储蓄的方式。
Because younger people are typically lower earners, the Roth option is often a great idea because once those monies are contributed, they are tax-free forever upon withdrawal.
由于年轻人通常收入较低，Roth选项通常是个好主意，因为一旦这些钱被存入，提取时将永远免税。
When should a young adult start building a credit profile independent of their parents?
年轻人应该什么时候开始建立独立于父母的信用档案？
I actually tend to advise this pretty early. When the child first goes to college, have them get a low-limit credit card and use it for maybe one thing on a monthly basis — like a gym membership or a streaming service — and then pay it off every month, so that child, starting when they’re 18 years old, has built that credit profile. When they’re in their early 20s, and they’re out in the world trying to get a car loan or get approved for an apartment, they have this profile built of, “I am someone who has responsibly used credit, and I’ve paid on time,” versus having stayed with the parent credit card the whole time or a debit card only.
我实际上倾向于建议尽早开始。当孩子刚上大学时，让他们申请一张低额度信用卡，每月用来支付一项固定费用——比如健身房会员或流媒体服务——然后每月全额还清。这样孩子从18岁起就建立了信用档案。当他们20出头、在外面试图获得汽车贷款或租房审批时，就已经有了”我是一个负责任地使用信用并按时还款的人”的档案，而不是一直使用父母的信用卡或只用借记卡。
What about the graduates who are moving back home specifically to save money, or those who haven’t landed a job yet? How do you stop them from getting too comfortable?
那些为了省钱搬回家住的毕业生，或者还没找到工作的毕业生呢？如何防止他们过于安逸？
I think it’s up to parents to really establish what those boundaries are towards getting to whatever that next step is — whether it’s applying to graduate school, or looking for at least a part-time role or an internship to try to get more experience. It’s all about the communication: “Here’s what we’re willing to help with, and here’s the point to which we’re willing to help.”
我认为父母需要真正建立起迈向下一步的界限——无论是申请研究生院，还是至少找一份兼职工作或实习来获取更多经验。关键在于沟通：“这是我们愿意帮助的范围，这是我们愿意帮助到的程度。”
For some families, kids will need to be contributing to something in the household just to be in the habit of, “Hey, so much of my earnings goes to (paying a bill) on a monthly basis.” Or the parents can take that money, and say: “Okay, well, you’re going to pay us rent, but we’re putting it in a savings account for you to help you save towards that down payment on a house.”
对一些家庭来说，孩子需要为家庭支出做些贡献，养成”嘿，我每月收入的一部分要用来（支付账单）“的习惯。或者父母可以收下那笔钱，然后说：”好的，你付我们房租，但我们把它存进一个储蓄账户里，帮你攒房子首付。”
What is the biggest blind spot you see for the Class of 2026 when it comes to getting financial guidance?
在获取理财指导方面，您认为2026届毕业生最大的盲点是什么？
It’s really important to find somebody who’s a qualified professional instead of looking at financial advice on TikTok. There’s just so much noise out there. An adviser, whether it’s the parent’s adviser or somebody who’s willing to work with young people for maybe a one-time planning fee, can be really helpful in establishing those early habits to put somebody on a great financial trajectory going forward.
找到一位合格的专业人士而不是在TikTok上看理财建议，这一点非常重要。外面的噪音太多了。一位顾问——无论是父母的顾问还是愿意以一次性规划费用与年轻人合作的人——在建立早期习惯、让人走上良好的财务轨道方面都非常有帮助。
How do parents successfully handle the transition of taking an adult child entirely “off the payroll”?
父母如何成功地完成让成年子女彻底”脱离父母工资单”的过渡？
I’ll tell you how my father did it. Every day from the time I was about 10 years old, he would come home and he would talk about how we were all going to get off of his payroll eventually. In fact, that was his phrase.
我告诉你我父亲是怎么做的。从我大约10岁起，他每天回家都会谈论我们最终都会脱离他的工资单。事实上，那就是他的口头禅。
Starting those conversations early helps. Establish clear timelines for when you might need to pull back some of that support. At 26, in many states, you can’t be on your parent’s health insurance anymore. That is an expense that the child is going to have to pick up through an employer plan or on their own at that point.
尽早开始这些对话很有帮助。建立明确的时间表，说明何时可能需要撤回部分支持。在许多州，26岁以后就不能再留在父母的医疗保险中了。届时这笔费用孩子必须通过雇主计划或自行承担。
To distill it down, parents need to be communicative and also judicious to set their children on the path to financial independence.
总结来说，父母需要善于沟通，也要明智审慎，才能引导孩子走上经济独立的道路。